Vietnam experiences cases of mosquito-borne diseases, though the risk varies by region. The Red River and Mekong deltas, including major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, have a low incidence of malaria. The coastal areas north of Nha Trang are also considered relatively safe.

However, malaria is more prevalent in rural and highland areas, particularly in the Central Highlands and southern provinces such as Cà Mau, Bạc Liêu, and Tây Ninh. The most dangerous strain, Plasmodium falciparum, can be fatal if not treated quickly. If your itinerary includes time in these regions, consult your doctor about antimalarial medication before traveling.

Beyond malaria, mosquitoes in Vietnam can also transmit dengue fever, Zika virus, and Japanese encephalitis. Dengue fever, spread by mosquitoes that bite during the day (especially in the morning and late afternoon), is most common in the Mekong Delta, including Ho Chi Minh City. A more severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever, is rare among foreign visitors but can cause severe bleeding—seek medical help if you experience unusual bruising or bleeding.

Japanese encephalitis, which shares similar symptoms with dengue, can be life-threatening. The virus is most active in rural areas, particularly during and after the rainy season. The Zika virus, which emerged in Vietnam during the global outbreak in 2016, remains a concern, particularly for pregnant women, as it can cause birth defects.

How to Protect Yourself from Mosquito Bites

The best way to prevent mosquito-borne illnesses is avoiding bites:
✔ Wear protective clothing – Long sleeves, pants, and socks, especially at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.
✔ Use insect repellent – Apply a repellent containing 30-40% DEET (diethyltoluamide) on exposed skin and clothing. Be cautious when applying near the eyes or open wounds.
✔ Stay in mosquito-proof accommodations – Many hotels provide mosquito nets, window screens, and air-conditioning, all of which help reduce mosquito presence.
✔ Use additional protection – Mosquito coils, insecticide sprays, and treated nets can further minimize exposure.

While the overall risk of contracting a mosquito-borne disease in Vietnam remains low for most travelers, taking these precautions will help ensure a safe and healthy trip.