Vietnam’s spiritual world is a fascinating blend of residual animism and influences from various religions, creating a complex mystical belief system. The universe, according to Vietnamese tradition, is divided into three realms: sky, earth, and humanity, all overseen by Ong Troi, the Lord of Heaven. Assisting him are spirits governing the earth, mountains, and water, forming a dynamic hierarchy of divine entities.

Central to Vietnamese culture are the four sacred animals, which symbolize various virtues and frequently appear in traditional architecture:

  • The dragon represents the king, power, and intelligence.
  • The phoenix embodies the queen, beauty, and peace.
  • The turtle signifies longevity and acts as a protector of the kingdom.
  • The kylin (a mythical creature often likened to a unicorn) symbolizes wisdom and prosperity.

Each Vietnamese village or urban community also venerates a guardian spirit, whose shrine is located in a temple (đền) or communal house (đình). These tutelary spirits, represented by a gilded throne on the altar, are believed to safeguard their communities. People show their reverence through offerings and rituals, often seeking the spirits’ guidance during challenging times.

This intricate belief system, deeply woven into Vietnam’s cultural fabric, reflects the harmony between spiritual faith and everyday life. It is a testament to the enduring influence of animism and the integration of borrowed religious elements, shaping a mystical world unique to Vietnam.